Development of a Semi-Automated Hot Air Ginger Dryer Controlled by Internet of Things Technology

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the efficiency of a semi-automatic hot air ginger dryer integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The prototype was designed and developed to support the ginger processing operations of the Ban Sarayo Community Enterprise in Su-ngai Kolok District, Narathiwat Province. It specifically addresses the limitations of traditional sun-drying methods, which lack consistent quality control during the rainy season. The dryer utilizes a hot air circulation system controlled via IoT, allowing real-time operation and monitoring through the Telegram application. Performance evaluation was conducted based on key indicators including initial and final moisture content, drying temperature, drying time, and electrical energy consumption. The prototype consists of an 800-watt heater, high-speed air circulation fan, and integrated temperature and humidity sensors connected to an ESP32 microcontroller. The results showed that the dryer could reduce the ginger's moisture content from 100% (d.b.) to an average of only 8.25% within 5.76 hours. In contrast, traditional sun drying required approximately 23.25 hours and resulted in an average moisture content that was 13.62% higher, with statistical significance at the 0.05 level. The average power consumption was 7.58 kilowatt-hours per drying cycle. The IoT system enhanced operational convenience and safety by providing continuous status updates. The study demonstrates that the prototype dryer has strong potential for real-world application and future commercial development