Genetic variation with by chemical mutagens of Juice cane through tissue culture technique

Abstract

This study aims to broaden the genetic base of sugarcane and develop new varieties suitable for specific regions. The experiment is divided into four stages: 1) Callus induction: Young leaves of Suphanburi 50 sugarcane are cultured on a modified MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium combined with 5 mg/L 2,4- D ( 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 10% coconut water, cultured in the dark under controlled temperature conditions. 2) Mutation induction: Callus is cultured on a modified MS medium combined with the mutagenic agent sodium azide (NaN3)/Thidiazuron (SA) at five concentation: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L. 3) Induction of shoots from mutated callus. 4) Root induction. The results showed that callus formed from the continuous dark culture of young sugarcane leaves for 8 weeks could significantly increase in quantity through subculturing on the same medium more than six times. The callus was transferred to a mutagenic medium at a concentration of 5 mg/ L, it survived, increased in quantity, and developed shoots after 5 weeks of culture. The amount of shoots ready to grow into young plants increased by the 8th week. Subsequently, subculturing on the same synthetic medium for 4-5 weeks increased the number of shoots, and subculturing on modified MS medium induced strong root formation, ready for seedling nursery after 2 weeks of culture.