Optimizing Maize Production Following Rice Using Crop Models in Soil Series Group 22 in Uthai Thani Province

Abstract

This study aims to enhance maize production in Uthai Thani Province through the application of advanced crop models. Initiated between 2022 and 2024, the project is conducted at farmers' fields in Khao Kwang Thong and Thung Pho of Nong Chang District. These fields belong to Soil Series Group 22, receiving an average annual rainfall of 1,000-1,200 millimeters. The project is structured around four key steps: 1) Comprehensive data collection from local farmers, 2) Decoding DSSAT4.7: Unveiling Maize Genetic Coefficients for Enhanced Crop Production, 3) Model evaluation and technological capability assessment and 4) Field-testing agricultural technologies to ensure practical effectiveness on local farms. Results identified the genetic coefficients of the maize variety D-carb9898C and evaluated the model's efficacy using NRMSE, RMSE, and AI metrics. Analysis indicates strong performance within acceptable limits, particularly noted by the robust AI values. These findings offer valuable insights into selecting optimal technologies for cultivating field corn in Uthai Thani Province, including the cultivation of the D-carb9898C maize variety, precise fertilizer application based on soil analysis, and adjusting nitrogen levels to 1.5 times the recommended amount. Furthermore, the Direct Online Access (DOA) method demonstrated effective maize production during the study period, yielding an average of 1,361 kg/rai—203 kg/rai higher than traditional methods, translating to a 17.6% increase in yield. This increase contributed to higher income and returns, with the DOA method generating 14,192 baht/rai—a notable 18.0% increase compared to traditional methods—and a return of 8,775 baht/rai, marking a 27.0% increase. These findings underscore the economic benefits of adopting innovative methods in agricultural practices. Local farmers in Uthai Thani Province expressed high satisfaction with available technologies, with 66.2% reporting the highest level of satisfaction. By utilizing soil analysis-based fertilizers and adjusting nitrogen levels, farmers can significantly enhance maize yields for field corn in Soil Series Group 22.